INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY AND SURGERY Prospective evaluation of the effect of an angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism on the long term risk of major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: To evaluate prospectively the influence of an angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism on long term clinical outcome of patients with established coronary artery disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Design and setting: Prospective observational study in a university hospital. Patients: Consecutive series of 1010 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease who underwent successful coronary stent placement from November 1996 to April 1998. Main outcome measures: Long term clinical outcome was obtained and the rates of major adverse cardiac events (death, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and revascularisation) were compared according to the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene. Results: Of the 1010 patients 29% had the DD genotype, 51% had the ID genotype, and 20% had the II genotype. All baseline clinical angiographic and procedural characteristics were identical in the three groups of patients. Event-free survival during the follow up period (median two years) was identical in patients with the II genotype compared to those with one or two D alleles. The predictors of long term survival were age, diabetes, ejection fraction, and extension of coronary artery disease. ACE genotype had no influence on the long term survival. Additional analyses assuming dominant and recessive effects of the D allele also failed to find any association; nor did the examination of low risk subgroups. Conclusions: The ACE I/D polymorphism does not influence the long term prognosis of patients with coronary disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention, and screening patients for this gene polymorphism is not useful for secondary prevention strategies.